改善老年人健康状况的预防性干预措施:系统审查和元分析
Leah Palapar1, Jeanet W Blom2, Laura Wilkinson-Meyers3
1Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
概括
预防性初级保健干预改善了老年人的日常活动和自我评估健康. 成功的关键组成部分包括改变护理环境,提供患者和专业教育.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 初级保健研究研究初级保健研究
- 预防性健康 预防性健康
背景情况:
- 系统性审查通常基于感知到的活性成分来分析老年人的预防试验.
- 专注于特定组件可能会忽视更广泛的干预效果.
研究的目的:
- 评估对老年人的预防性初级保健干预措施的有效性.
- 确定有助于这些干预措施成功的共同组成部分.
主要方法:
- 从2009年至2019年对18项随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 在多个数据库 (PubMed,MEDLINE,Embase等) 进行了搜索. 对于65岁以上的成年人进行初级保健干预.
- 评估偏差风险和分析结果,包括医疗保健使用 (医院/老年人住院护理入院) 和患者报告的结果 (日常生活活动,自我评估健康).
主要成果:
- 干预措施对医疗保健利用没有总体好处,但改善了日常生活的基本活动 (ADL) 和自我评估健康 (SRH).
- 积极的结果与干预改变护理环境,教育卫生专业人员和提供患者教育有关.
- 具体的组成部分,如改变护理环境和患者教育,减少了住院病例.
结论:
- 预防性初级保健干预积极影响老年人的功能能力和SRH.
- 未来的干预措施应包括替代护理环境 (例如,家庭访问) 和患者和专业人员的教育组成部分,以提高结果.
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