马绍尔群岛克瓦贾莱恩环礁的乙型肝炎病毒感染:一种血清流行,知识和态度研究
Melaia Lawanivalu1, Anaseini Ratu2, Glorine A Jeadrik3
1Ebeye Public Health Department, Leroij Kitlang Memorial Health Center - Ministry of Health and Human Services, Majuro, Marshall Islands.
Western Pacific surveillance and response journal : WPSAR
|March 19, 2024
概括
在Kwajalein环礁的儿童 (0.3%) 和母亲 (6.8%) 中,乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 的血清流行率较低. 及时的HBV出生剂量疫苗接种有效防止了母婴传播,突出了其在偏远地区的重要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 常规的乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 疫苗接种在20世纪90年代在马绍尔群岛推出.
- 评估长期HBV血清流行和疫苗接种影响至关重要,特别是在偏远的岛屿环境中.
- 母亲对HBV的知识和态度是影响疫苗接种和疾病预防的重要因素.
研究的目的:
- 确定克瓦贾莱恩环礁儿童及其母亲慢性HBV感染的血清流行率.
- 为了评估20年前引入的常规HBV接种疫苗的有效性.
- 评估母亲对HBV疾病和疫苗接种的知识和态度.
主要方法:
- 使用了国家血清流行调查 (2016-2017年) 和产前记录.
- 在6-8岁的儿童及其生母身上确定了HBV血清阳性.
- 用费舍尔的精确测试来分析人口,社会和疫苗接种相关因素与血清阳性之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在儿童中,HBV血清流行率为0.3%,在母亲中为6.8%.
- 及时的HBV出生剂量疫苗接种覆盖率为90.3%,与居住地,分娩和产前访问有显著联系.
- 母亲对婴儿疫苗接种和产前查的态度是积极的,但母亲的疫苗接种率很低 (20.9%),对HBV并发症,治疗和传播的知识有限.
结论:
- 克瓦贾莱恩环礁的HBV流行率低于马绍尔群岛的国家平均水平.
- 在这种情况下,及时的HBV出生剂量疫苗接种有效防止母婴传播.
- 在缺乏抗病毒治疗的偏远地区,建议推广HBV疫苗接种,包括脱离冷链的选择.
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