处理速度和执行功能与年轻成年人和老年人的话题之外的多言多语有关
Michael D Barnett1, Leah N Smith1, Allyson M Coldiron1
1Department of Psychology, The University of TX at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
The International journal of neuroscience
|March 19, 2024
概括
在老年人中,非主题语言 (OTV) 与认知能力下降有关,处理速度缺陷比执行功能发挥更大的作用. 年轻成年人表现出与认知表现相关的语音量减少.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 话题之外的多言多语 (OTV) 是通过过度,不相关的言论来表现的.
- OTV通常与与年龄相关的执行功能缺陷有关,特别是抑制功能受损.
- 有限的研究探讨了OTV-抑制关系中的其他认知因素,例如处理速度.
研究的目的:
- 在年轻和老年人中调查OTV的语音特征.
- 为了确定OTV变化是否更好地由执行职能或处理速度缺陷来解释.
- 分析OTV使用D-KEFSStroop测试进行认知评估.
主要方法:
- 参与者包括年轻人 (n=65,年龄18-28岁) 和老年人 (n=85,年龄60-98岁).
- 进行了D-KEFS颜色-文字干扰测试.
- 收集了自传性情节性和程序性演讲的口头样本,并对触点性,自我中心性和数量进行了评分.
主要成果:
- 程序自传性演讲最好地捕捉了与年龄相关的OTV差异.
- 具有较高OTV的老年人表现较差Stroop测试表现;年轻人仅表现出减少的语音量.
- 处理速度缺陷与老年人OTV增加的相关性比执行功能缺陷更强.
结论:
- 这些发现支持了与年龄相关的认知衰退和OTV之间的联系.
- 处理速度缺陷在OTV中似乎比老年人执行功能缺陷更有影响.
- 这项研究强调了OTV在不同年龄组的不同认知基础.
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