与心理病理学的一般 (p) 和特定因素相关的远端至近端病因学相关的变量
Jonah Ormel1, Melissa Vos1, Odilia M Laceulle2
1Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
概括
遗传,个人和环境因素显著影响精神病理学,许多因素导致一般因素 (p) 和特定疾病,如ADHD和内部化/外部化症状.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 精神病理学的一般因素 (p) 代表了各种精神病症状的常见差异.
- 特定因子模型是密切相关的症状子集.
- 了解精神病理学的病因需要调查与一般和特定症状维度相关的因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查遗传,个人和环境变量与精神病理学的一般因素 (p) 之间的关联.
- 检查这些变量与特定的精神病理因素之间的关系,包括内化,外化,ADHD和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD).
主要方法:
- 利用来自TRAILS研究的四个波段 (11-19岁) 的纵向数据.
- 为p和四个特定因素 (内部化,外部化,ADHD,ASD) 建模了一个双因素模型.
- 应用路径模型来评估19个病因相关变量的与这些精神病理因素的关联,按远距离到近距离的风险排列.
主要成果:
- 包括气质在内的病因相关因素解释了55%的p变异,对特定因素的贡献有所不同 (ADHD 46%,外部化 35%,内部化 19%,自闭症 7%).
- 除了气质外,这些因素解释了p的29%的变异,而特定因素则少 (ADHD9%,外部化14%,内部化7%,自闭症4%).
- 大多数因素普遍预测了p,但有些人表现出特定的效应 (例如,父母SES,执行功能) 或跨因素的对立效应 (例如,白天皮质醇,发育迟缓).
结论:
- 强烈的通用效应表明,病因因素和精神病理在个体内同时发生.
- 具体的因素对于理解精神障碍至关重要,因为一些变量可以独特地预测它们或具有差异性影响.
- 高度丧,神经发育问题和不利的家庭环境是一般精神病理因素 (p) 的关键特征.
关键词:
心理病理学 心理病理学相关概念视频
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