在2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) 的生物和无生物转化过程中,碳和同位素分离
Chunlei Wang1, Mark E Fuller2, Jimmy Murillo-Gelvez3
1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|March 20, 2024
概括
化合物特定同位素分析 (CSIA) 有助于区分2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) 的微生物和化学分解. 这种方法为环境中的生物和非生物DNAN转换提供了独特的同位素特征.
科学领域:
- 环境化学环境化学
- 生物地质化学生物地质化学
- 同位素地球化学 同位素地球化学
背景情况:
- 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) 是不敏感弹药中的一个关键成分.
- 在环境样本中区分生物和非生物DNAN转化途径是具有挑战性的,仅使用度数据.
研究的目的:
- 通过化合物特异性同位素分析 (CSIA) 来研究和区分生物和非生物DNAN转换的特征性同位素分离.
- 扩大DNAN转换在环境相关条件下的同位素效应数据库.
主要方法:
- 使用CSIA测量DNAN转换的同位素丰富系数 (ΛN/C).
- 使用三种微生物联盟和三种纯种植物研究生物转化.
- 使用9,10-二二硫酸 (AHQS) 检查了无生物转换,并与其他无生物过程的文献值进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 生物DNAN转化表现出明显的 ΛN/C 值 (4.93 ± 0.53 到 12.19 ± 1.23),与之前报告的水解和光转化途径不同.
- 通过AHQS对DNAN的非生物降解产生了38.76±2.23的LN/C值,与含Fe2+矿物质的降解值保持一致,但通常低于该值.
- CSIA成功地区分了微生物和特定的非生物DNAN降解过程之间的同位素分离模式.
结论:
- 在不同的环境环境中,CSIA提供了一个强大的工具来阐明和量化DNAN转换路径.
- 生成的同位素效应数据库增强了评估土壤,地下水,地表水和海洋环境中生物与非生物DNAN降解程度的能力.
相关概念视频
The Nitrogen Cycle
52.1K
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
52.1K
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
7.9K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
7.9K
Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect
2.1K
Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the difference between the molecular mass. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
2.1K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling
1.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.1K
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution
886
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
886
Mass Spectrometry of Amines
4.2K
In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule: a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a parent ion with an odd molecular weight. The remaining fragments have an even mass.
Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit...
Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit...
4.2K


