肝炎E病毒 (HEV) 感染免疫功能低下个体中的感染:简要叙述性审查
Radostina Alexandrova1, Ilia Tsachev2, Plamen Kirov1
1Department of Pathology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Infection and drug resistance
|March 20, 2024
概括
肝炎E病毒 (HEV) 每年在全球造成数百万例感染和死亡,主要是通过水传播或动物传播传播. 像孕妇和免疫受损的个人这样的风险群体面临严重的后果,包括肝衰竭和肝硬化.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 肝炎E病毒 (HEV) 是全球急性病毒性肝炎的主要原因,每年导致数百万例感染和大量死亡.
- 根据基因型,HEV的传播有所不同,基因型1和2在低收入国家引起水源性疫情,而基因型3,4和7与动物感染有关.
- 虽然经常无症状或轻微,但HEV感染可能会导致严重的结果,如急性肝衰竭,肝外表现和免疫功能低下个体的慢性疾病.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于肝炎E病毒流行病学,传播,临床表现和风险因素的全面概述.
- 突出HEV感染的全球负担,强调低收入和高收入环境之间的差异.
- 确定关键人群有严重HEV感染和不良结果的风险.
主要方法:
- 审查来自包括世界卫生组织 (WHO) 在内的全球卫生组织的流行病学数据.
- 分析HEV基因型及其相关传播途径 (水传与动物传播).
- 临床表现的总结,从轻度肝炎到急性肝衰竭和肝外表现.
主要成果:
- 据估计,全球每年有2000万例HEV感染,导致330万例症状病例和44000例死亡.
- 基因型1和2在低收入国家的水源性疫情中占主导地位,不成比例地影响年轻人和孕妇.
- 3,4 和 7 基因型与零星的动物性传染病有关,通常与未煮熟的肉类消费有关.
结论:
- 在全球范围内,HEV仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题,需要有针对性的预防和控制策略.
- 特定的风险群体,包括孕妇,老年人,免疫功能受损的个体,以及先前存在肝病的人,由于严重疾病和死亡率的风险更高,需要集中注意.
- 了解HEV基因型多样性和传播模式对于开发有效的公共卫生干预措施和管理疾病负担至关重要.
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