美国的例外主义? 中年死亡率的国际趋势
Jennifer Beam Dowd1,2, Katarzyna Doniec1,2, Luyin Zhang3
1Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
International journal of epidemiology
|March 20, 2024
概括
美国中年死亡率因毒品,酒精和自杀死亡而上升,而其他高收入国家如英国则呈现出恶化的趋势. 美国在中年死亡率方面落后于同类国家.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 美国中年死亡率上升与"绝望死亡" (毒品,酒精,自杀) 有关.
- 在其他高收入国家,包括英国,预期寿命正在停滞.
- 在美国以外的中年死亡率趋势需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 综合美国和英国中年 (25-64岁) 特定原因死亡率趋势.
- 将这些趋势与其他高收入和中东欧 (CEE) 国家进行比较.
- 分析1990年至2019年的死亡率趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用来自世界卫生组织死亡数据库的年度死亡数据.
- 分析了特定于性别和年龄 (25-44,45-54,55-64岁) 的年龄标准化死亡率.
- 研究了美国,英国,13个高收入国家和7个中东欧国家15个主要死亡原因类别.
主要成果:
- 自1990年以来,美国中年死亡率因药物,酒精,自杀,代谢,神经系统,呼吸道和传染病而恶化.
- 虽然一些原因,如谋杀和心血管疾病下降,最近的增加或停滞的改善被观察到.
- 中年死亡率在英国 (45-54岁) 和加拿大,波兰和瑞典 (25-44岁) 增加.
结论:
- 美国在中年死亡率方面落后于高收入国家,甚至落后于一些中东欧国家.
- 尽管总体中年死亡率低于美国,但英国显示出与西欧相比趋势恶化的迹象.
- 这些发现凸显了发达国家中年健康状况的转变.
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