词汇处理的发展:学龄儿童的实时语音竞争和语义激活
Charlotte Jeppsen1, Keith Baxelbaum1, Bruce Tomblin2
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|March 20, 2024
概括
语音和词识别在青春期继续发展. 这项研究表明,这些变化涉及语言技能和更广泛的认知能力,影响实时语言处理.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,语音感知和单词识别在幼儿时代稳定.
- 新出现的证据表明,这些过程在整个青春期继续发展.
- 域一般认知变化与词汇发展的作用需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 确定语音和文字处理中的发育变化是否源于词汇或域一般因素.
- 将这项调查扩展到词汇语义处理.
- 检查语言发展和认知技能之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 利用两个视觉世界范式任务来评估语音,语义和非语言认知技能.
- 测试了三个年龄组:7-9岁 (n=43),10-13岁 (n=42) 和16-17岁 (n=30).
- 分析了对目标词和竞争对手的固定模式,以及视觉/认知技能的影响.
主要成果:
- 较大的孩子显示了更快的目标词固定和早期的参与/脱离语义和语音竞争对手.
- 视觉/认知技能在这些影响中占据了一些,但并非全部的发育变异.
- 语义激活的发育变化主要与上游语音处理的改进有关.
结论:
- 语言过程和更广泛的视觉/认知技能的同时发展推动了实时语音竞争的变化.
- 在研究的青少年年龄范围内,词汇语义激活似乎更稳定.
- 这项研究强调了语言发展的持续性质及其依赖于域一般认知成熟的依赖.
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