在中国出现自闭症谱系障碍的产前,周围和家长风险因素:一个病例对照研究
Jia-Jia Yuan1,2,3,4, Ya-Nan Zhao5,6,7, Xing-Yu Lan1,2,3,4
1Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
BMC psychiatry
|March 21, 2024
概括
环境因素,如出生窒息,母乳养困难,严厉的育儿和母体发烧,显著增加了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的风险. 了解这些可改变的因素对于制定预防策略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 环境流行病学环境流行病学
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种遗传性神经发育障碍.
- 环境风险因素与自闭症发展有关.
- 产前,产周和父母因素与ASD风险增加有关.
研究的目的:
- 在中国北京,探索患有自闭症儿童的产前,围产和育儿风险因素.
- 为了比较患有自闭症儿童和典型发育 (TD) 儿童之间的风险因素.
- 为了识别潜在的可修改的环境因素,用于ASD预防.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及151名自闭症儿童和151名来自北京的TD儿童的病例控制研究.
- TD儿童因年龄,性别和母亲的教育而匹配.
- 评估了17个因素,包括母亲的AQ分数,出生窒息,母乳养,育儿风格和怀孕期间的母亲发烧.
主要成果:
- 出生窒息显示ASD的风险增加了13倍以上 (AOR=13.42).
- 哺乳困难 (AOR=3.46),低响应的育儿 (AOR=2.37),严厉的育儿 (AOR=3.42),以及疏忽的育儿 (AOR=3.01) 与更高的自闭症风险有关.
- 怀孕期间产妇发烧增加了自闭症风险 (AOR=3.81).
结论:
- 多种环境和家长因素与自闭症风险有显著的关联.
- 诸如育儿习惯和怀孕期间母亲健康等可修改因素需要进一步调查.
- 阐明这些因素的作用可以为有针对性的ASD预防策略提供信息.
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