自闭症和脆弱X综合征的6至24个月的不同认知和行为发展
Lindsay J Mullin1, Joshua Rutsohn2, Julia L Gross3
1Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA. lindsay_mullin@med.unc.edu.
Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders
|March 21, 2024
概括
患有脆弱X综合征 (FXS) 的婴儿比患有家族自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的婴儿更早地表现出全球认知延迟. FXS和FH-ASD婴儿之间的发育差异可以在6个月时被检测出来,在整个婴儿时期都有不同的技能轨迹.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 儿科神经学 儿科神经学
背景情况:
- 早期发现神经发育障碍对于及时干预至关重要.
- 脆弱X综合征 (FXS) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 具有不同的病因,但有一些共同的发展挑战.
- 之前的研究表明,患有FXS的婴儿和有家族史ASD (FH-ASD) 的婴儿之间大脑发育和行为存在差异.
研究的目的:
- 纵向调查和比较患有FXS和FH-ASD的婴儿的发育技能概况.
- 为了确定FXS和FH-ASD婴儿之间的早期发育差异.
- 将这些组与没有发展ASD (FH-nonASD) 的家族对照组进行比较,并与通常发展的对照组进行比较.
主要方法:
- 纵向研究对比口语 (表达/感受语言) 和非语言 (粗/细运动,视觉接收) 技能.
- 在四个组的发展轨迹的比较:FXS,FH-ASD,FH-非ASD,和典型的发展对照.
- 在整个婴儿期的多个时间点对技能的评估.
主要成果:
- 与FH-ASD,FH-nonASD和对照婴儿相比,患有FXS的婴儿在6个月大时表现出非语言延迟.
- 在12个月时,技能获取的顺序模式出现了 (控制> FH-非ASD> FH-ASD> FXS) 并持续了24个月.
- 认知水平对FXS和FH-ASD婴儿的影响发展轨迹不同.
结论:
- 在FXS和FH-ASD之间发展轨迹的群体差异可以在6个月的早期就被检测出来.
- FXS与较早的全球认知延迟有关,而FH-ASD显示了更逐渐出现的延迟.
- 婴儿期不同的发育路径突出显示了FXS和FH-ASD之间的关键区别,为我们了解它们的表型提供了信息.
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