气候变化通过对物种迁移的选择性压力,减少了从无采用海洋保护区获得的长期人口利益
Alicia M Caughman1, Steven D Gaines1, Darcy Bradley1,2,3
1Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
Global change biology
|March 21, 2024
概括
海洋保护区 (MPA) 有助于保护物种,但气候变化可能会破坏它们的好处. 海洋保护区可能需要动态战略来适应不断变化的环境条件并保护海洋种群.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 海洋保护区 (MPA) 是重要的保护工具,通过限制渔业来保护海洋种群.
- 捕鱼压力可能无意中选择减少海洋物种的移动,从而可能在MPA内加强保护.
- 然而,减少移动性可能会阻碍物种在气候变化下追踪热最佳状态的能力.
研究的目的:
- 在各种气候变化情景下,评估移动演变对静态海洋保护区的保护效益的影响.
- 评估捕捞死亡率和温度依赖的自然死亡率如何与移动演变相互作用.
- 为了确定静态海洋保护区在气候变化面前的长期有效性.
主要方法:
- 开发一个空间显式模拟模型.
- 包括渔业死亡率和温度依赖的自然死亡率.
- 在五个不同的气候场景中进行模拟 (线性转移,ENSO,热浪,带转移的热浪,没有变化).
主要成果:
- 运动进化最初通过增加生存率,使MPA内的种群受益.
- 气候变化通过选择更高运动基因型,随着时间的推移降低了MPA的好处.
- 由于气候变化,海洋保护区内的人口减少加速,超过仅基于死亡率的预测.
结论:
- 静态的海洋保护区提供了暂时的保护效益,但仅在气候变化下是不够的.
- 运动进化的有效性受到气候驱动的选择性压力所限制.
- 动态的MPA网络和辅助迁移可能是有效的气候准备保护计划的必要补充.
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