结核病预防治疗更新 - 美国总统的艾滋病救援紧急计划,36个国家,2016-2023年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|March 21, 2024
概括
结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 当与抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 结合时,可显著降低艾滋病毒感染者的死亡率. PEPFAR计划已经为数百万人提供了TPT,使其成为标准护理,尽管需要更广泛地采用新策略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究研究
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 是艾滋病毒感染者的首要死亡原因,2022年全球死亡人数为167,000人.
- 结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 对高风险个人,包括艾滋病毒感染者来说,对于预防结核病至关重要.
- 美国总统的艾滋病救援紧急计划 (PEPFAR) 在2018年承诺向所有符合条件的抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 客户提供TPT.
研究的目的:
- 分析PEPFAR支持的项目中TPT启动和完成的趋势.
- 评估PEPFAR在36个国家从2017财年到2023财年的TPT倡议的影响.
- 确定影响TPT覆盖范围的因素,并建议改进以实现更广泛的采用.
主要方法:
- 从非洲,中美洲/南美洲和亚洲的PEPFAR支持计划中分析TPT启动和完成数据.
- 追踪2017-2023财政年度的趋势.
- 检查了不到六个月的ART客户之间的启动率.
主要成果:
- TPT启动率在FY19达到顶峰,这可能表明程序和.
- 在接受ART治疗6个月以下的患者中,TPT的启动率达到了59%.
- 据报道,总体TPT完成率高达87%,自2017财年以来,大约有1300万艾滋病毒感染者完成了TPT.
结论:
- 通过PEPFAR与国家艾滋病毒计划的合作,TPT已成为艾滋病毒感染者的护理标准.
- 虽然取得了重大进展,但优化TPT覆盖可能需要更短的治疗方案,以患者为中心的策略和电子医疗记录系统.
- 需要继续努力,以确保所有符合条件的个人接受并完成TPT,以进一步降低艾滋病毒阳性人群中的结核病相关死亡率.
相关概念视频
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
179
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
179
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
242
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
242
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
142
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
142
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.2K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
228
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
228
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
325
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
325


