探索基本儿童疫苗接种覆盖率的趋势和决定因素:41年来经验证据
Paloma Lanza-León1,2, David Cantarero-Prieto1,2,3, Marta Pascual-Sáez1,2,3
1Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
PloS one
|March 21, 2024
概括
儿童疫苗接种覆盖率受到经济和健康因素的影响. 人均国内生产总值 (GDP) 和熟练分娩率的上升与免疫率的上升相关,这表明各国的健康状况不同.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 疫苗接种是预防疾病的全球卫生战略的基石.
- 了解儿童免疫覆盖率的决定因素对于公共卫生至关重要.
- 疫苗接种率的趋势在全球范围内已经被追踪了几十年.
研究的目的:
- 检查从1980年到2020年94个国家的基本儿童疫苗接种范围的趋势.
- 确定影响儿童免疫率的国家和时间相关的决定因素.
- 研究社会经济因素与免疫覆盖率之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用了世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和联合国儿童基金会 (UNICEF) 的年度覆盖率估计.
- 采用通用估计方程模型来评估免疫率与社会经济因素之间的关系.
- 应用巴罗和萨拉-马丁的方法来确定免疫率的有条件收.
主要成果:
- 发现儿童免疫率与人均GDP之间存在显著的积极关联.
- 观察到免疫率和由熟练卫生人员参加的分娩之间存在强烈的正相关性.
- 证明了有条件的趋同,即各国倾向于实现不同稳定状态的疫苗接种覆盖率.
结论:
- 经济状况 (人均GDP) 和医疗保健 (熟练的分娩服务) 是儿童疫苗接种覆盖率的关键驱动因素.
- 儿童免疫率呈现有条件的趋同,这意味着不同国家的长期轨迹不同.
- 研究结果为为全球和国家免疫健康政策提供信息和改进提供了关键的见解.
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