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人类对温带和北极森林的人口结构和碳循环的印记
Thomas A M Pugh1,2,3, Rupert Seidl4,5, Daijun Liu2,3,6
1Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden.
概括
人类活动已经显著改变了温带和北极森林,干扰间隔几乎减少了一半. 这导致年轻的森林和改变的碳动态,强调了需要以自然为基础的森林管理.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 林业科学 林业科学
- 气候变化研究 气候变化研究
背景情况:
- 人类活动已经深刻地改变了全球森林,只留下了一些原始的自然状态.
- 温带和北极地区的森林年龄结构和构成受到历史林业和土地利用变化的严重影响.
- 了解自然森林动态对于有效的保护和管理策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查温带和北极森林的动态,结构和功能在没有人类林业和土地利用遗产的情况下会有什么不同.
- 量化人类活动对自然干扰制度和森林年龄结构的影响.
- 评估这些变化对森林碳转移率的影响.
主要方法:
- 基于77个受保护森林景观的社区特征和气候,开发了一种自然干扰概率的经验模型.
- 将该模型集成到动态植被模型中,以模拟森林的组成和结构.
- 在没有林业的情况下,估计自然干扰回归间隔,立年龄结构和碳周转率.
主要成果:
- 人类活动几乎将温带森林和中度受影响的北极森林中位替代干扰的中位回归间隔减半.
- 由此产生的森林显著年轻,特别是在欧洲北部和北美东南部.
- 植被碳循环时间在温带森林下降了32%,在北极森林下降了7%.
结论:
- 目前北半球温带森林的年龄结构与自然干扰机制失衡.
- 由于人类活动造成的显著"干扰余"对森林碳动态和枯木库存产生了重大影响.
- 森林政策和管理应越来越多地采用以自然为基础的方法,以考虑这些改变的干扰制度.
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