在印度,疹疾病的扩大谱和疫苗接种的需要
Padma Srikanth1, Ilakkiya Arumugam1, Seetha N Jeganathan1
1Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (SRIHER, DU), Chennai, India.
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
|March 22, 2024
概括
脊髓灰质炎疫苗不在印度的普遍免疫计划中,尽管它在全球被采用和病毒的严重潜在并发症. 有证据表明,包括疹和疹疫苗是必要的.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 麻疹疫苗 (VZV) 的采用在全球范围内广泛,29个国家将其纳入普遍免疫计划 (UIP).
- 印度没有在UIP中采用疹疫苗,理由是成本和对自然终身免疫力的信念.
- 腹病毒 (Varicella-zoster virus,简称VZV) 导致皮肤以外的疾病,影响中枢神经系统和胃肠道,并导致血管病变和炎症性肠道疾病等并发症.
研究的目的:
- 评估目前全球和印度采用疫苗的现状.
- 突出VZV相关疾病和诊断挑战的扩大范围.
- 在印度的常规免疫接种计划中倡导将水和疫苗纳入.
主要方法:
- 全球水疫苗采用率和世卫组织建议的审查.
- 对VZV感染的皮肤外表现和诊断考虑的分析.
- 评估将天花疫苗纳入国家免疫计划的理由.
主要成果:
- 1989年获得许可的麻疹疫苗是29个国家的UIP的一部分,但在包括印度在内的任何亚洲国家都没有.
- VZV可以引起严重的神经和胃肠道并发症,包括血管病变和炎症性肠道疾病.
- 在长期的疾病中,在CSF中检测VZVDNA具有挑战性,但在CSF中抗VZVIgG在诊断上是有价值的.
结论:
- 全球采用疫苗和对VZV疾病谱的理解不断扩大,需要对免疫策略进行重新评估.
- 尽管存在成本方面的担忧,但印度UIP中包括疹和疹疫苗的证据越来越多.
- 实施常规的水和疫苗接种可以减轻与VZV相关的严重疾病的负担.
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