在即将到来的时代,针对老年人的肺炎球菌疫苗接种策略
Kei Nakashima1,2, Wakaba Fukushima2,3,4
1Department of Pulmonology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
|March 22, 2024
概括
肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 现在被推用于老年人,而不是PPSV23,因为有效性和流行病学的转变. 未来的战略重点是扩大PCV覆盖范围,以对抗正在演变的肺炎球菌病.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 肺炎主要是由Streptococcus pneumoniae引起的,是全球主要的健康问题.
- 肺炎球菌疫苗,包括PPSV23和PCV,对于预防至关重要.
- 随着流行病学模式的变化和疫苗的有效性,需要更新的疫苗接种策略.
研究的目的:
- 讨论肺炎球菌疫苗接种策略的变化,特别是在老年人中.
- 评估PPSV23和PCV对肺炎球菌病的比较有效性.
- 突出儿童疫苗接种计划对成人肺炎球菌疾病流行病学的影响.
主要方法:
- 对肺炎球菌疫苗有效性和流行病学现有文献的综述.
- 分析咨询机构的建议,如美国疾病预防控制中心的ACIP.
- 审查关于疫苗影响和血清型动态的国际研究.
主要成果:
- PPSV23对肺炎球菌肺炎的有效性正在下降,而PCV13仍然有效.
- 对于老年人来说,PCVs (PCV20,PCV15) 越来越多地被推而不是PPSV23.
- 儿童PCV引入通过血清型替换和群体免疫影响成人PPSV23的有效性.
- 血清型减少的平原挑战了目前的肺炎球菌疫苗接种策略.
结论:
- 对于肺炎管理来说,有必要向PCV覆盖范围更广泛的血清型转变.
- 疫苗接种策略必须适应儿科疫苗接种计划带来的血清型变化.
- 持续的研究和开发对于应对不断变化的肺炎球菌疾病威胁至关重要.
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