铺设高度对石匠生物力学负荷的影响:用技术测量进行横截面现场研究
Mikkel Brandt1, Rúni Bláfoss1,2, Markus Due Jakobsen1
1National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Work (Reading, Mass.)
|March 22, 2024
概括
在部高度的工提供了肌肉张力和向前曲之间的最佳平衡,降低了石匠与工作相关的肌肉骨疾病的风险. 这项研究提供了数据,以改善工作场所的人体工程学和预防伤害.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 人体工程学就是人体工程学.
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 与工作相关的肌肉骨疾病 (WMSDs) 是一个重大问题,特别是对于石匠,因为重复的任务和高的身体需求.
- 工现有的物理工作负载知识严重依赖于主观评估.
- 石匠在腰部和部/肩部地区面临高风险的WMSDs.
研究的目的:
- 客观地量化石匠在不同工作高度的工期间的物理工作负载.
- 用技术方法测量肌肉活动和向前曲的程度.
- 为了确定最大限度地降低身体压力的最佳工作高度.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及12名经验丰富的男性石匠的横截面实地研究.
- 采用了用于直立脊柱和梯形肌的表面电肌图 (sEMG) 和惯性测量单元 (IMU) 传感器.
- 评估肌肉激活 (RMSn) 和前向曲角度在膝盖,部,肩膀和肩上工作高度.
主要成果:
- 起立脊柱肌的激活从部到肩膀高度增加,但从部到膝盖高度下降.
- 梯形肌的激活从部到肩部和肩上高度增加,从部到膝盖高度下降.
- 与部高度相比,向前曲在膝盖高度最大,在肩膀和肩膀以上高度显著减少.
结论:
- 在部高度上铺提供了肌肉负荷和向前曲之间的最佳平衡.
- 技术测量提供客观数据,以告知建筑行业的人体工程学改进.
- 这些发现可以指导预防策略,以减轻体力劳动量,并减少石匠之间的WMSDs.
相关概念视频
01:16Masonry Loadbearing Walls
116
Masonry load-bearing walls, constructed from materials like brick, stone, or concrete masonry units, serve as a crucial component in building structures by supporting the loads from floors and roofs and transferring them to the foundation. These walls, known for their compressive strength, can be reinforced or unreinforced to suit different building needs, accommodating both the dead and live loads while maintaining safety through lower working stresses compared to the materials' ultimate...
116
01:12Brick Masonry
107
Brick masonry uses bricks as the building blocks and involves building walls from individual bricks laid in mortar. The basic building block of brick masonry is the wythe, a vertical layer of bricks with a thickness of one brick. Within a wythe, bricks can be laid in various courses or patterns, with the most common being the stretcher course, where bricks are laid with their long edge horizontal and face parallel to the wall.
For thicker walls, multiple wythes are bonded together using...
For thicker walls, multiple wythes are bonded together using...
107
01:16Laying Concrete Masonry
94
Constructing a concrete masonry wall involves a series of steps designed to ensure durability, stability, and alignment. The construction starts with preparing the base, which includes cleaning the area where the wall will be erected. The next step involves spreading mortar where the first row of concrete blocks will be laid, typically starting at a corner section to help define the wall's boundaries.
Mortar application focuses on the face shells of the blocks, the sides that face outward,...
Mortar application focuses on the face shells of the blocks, the sides that face outward,...
94
01:25Mortar Joints in Brick Masonry
106
Mortar joints play a critical role in brick masonry, filling the spaces between brick to bind them together and provide structural integrity and strength. The thickness of these joints is variable, typically ranging from less than one-fourth inch to over half an inch, based on structural needs and specific applications.
The process of joint tooling is implemented as the mortar begins to harden. This technique involves compacting and shaping the mortar to enhance both the appearance and the...
The process of joint tooling is implemented as the mortar begins to harden. This technique involves compacting and shaping the mortar to enhance both the appearance and the...
106
01:28Masonry
456
Masonry, known for its strength, durability, and aesthetic versatility, encompasses construction with solid stone or man-made units like bricks, clay tiles, terra cotta, and concrete blocks, combined to form structures like walls, floors, and arches. These units are placed in a systematic fashion, known as coursing, and are bound together using mortar—a mixture typically made of water, cement, and sand.
The process of building with masonry is hands-on and can be executed with basic tools....
The process of building with masonry is hands-on and can be executed with basic tools....
456
01:15Reinforced Brick Masonry
1.1K
Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.
To fortify brick walls...
To fortify brick walls...
1.1K