曲率依赖表面张力的热力学理论:重新审视托尔曼的理论
1Akhiezer Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Science Centre "Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology", Akademicheskaya Street 1, Kharkiv 61108, Ukraine.
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
|March 22, 2024
概括
研究人员使用古典热力学推导了托尔曼长度 (TL) 的确切方程. 这项研究独特地确定了TL的标志,并为表面张力提供了新的视角.
科学领域:
- 热力学是一种热力学.
- 物理化学 物理化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 托尔曼长度 (TL) 是描述小滴和泡的特性的一个关键参数.
- 之前的研究在分析性地确定表面张力上的曲率效应方面遇到了挑战.
- 在科学文献中,TL的非对称符号一直是争论的主题.
研究的目的:
- 为托尔曼长度 (TL) 导出一个精确的方程作为半径的函数.
- 提出一个计算程序来解决导数方程.
- 调查TL和表面张力对滴和气泡半径的依赖性,考虑各种状态方程.
主要方法:
- 应用经典热力学来导出TL的确切方程.
- 开发和实施用于解决TL方程的计算程序.
- 分析表面张力对半径 (曲率效应) 的依赖及其与临界点的关系.
主要成果:
- 获得了TL作为半径函数的确切方程.
- 在不同状态方程中计算了TL和半径表面张力对滴和气泡的依赖性.
- 为表面张力对半径的依赖,与旋点相关的新式方程得出,为托尔曼方程提供了替代方案.
- 从双节点分析确定曲率效应的根本不可能被确立.
- 独特地确定了TL的非对称标志:滴是负的,气泡是正的.
结论:
- 该研究为计算托尔曼长度和表面张力效应提供了一个严格的热力学框架.
- 提出了对曲率效应的新理解,强调了旋点的作用.
- 关于异面对称托尔曼长度的符号的长期争论得到了解决,为滴和泡提供了明确的值.
相关概念视频
01:16Surface Tension and Surface Energy
1.4K
When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
1.4K
01:22Surface Tension of Fluid
279
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
Surface tension varies...
279
02:57Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity
27.7K
Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
27.7K
01:13Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble
1.7K
The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
1.7K
01:17Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity
2.7K
In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
This has been verified in many experiments. However, space and time are no longer absolute. Two observers moving relative to one another do not agree on the length of objects or the passage of time. The mechanics of objects based on Newton's laws of...
This has been verified in many experiments. However, space and time are no longer absolute. Two observers moving relative to one another do not agree on the length of objects or the passage of time. The mechanics of objects based on Newton's laws of...
2.7K
01:16Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface
179
In curved beams, unlike straight beams, the stress distribution across the cross-section is not uniform due to the beam's curvature. This non-uniformity arises because the neutral axis, where stress is zero, does not align with the centroid of the section. In a curved beam, the strain varies along the section as a function of the distance from the neutral axis.
Consider the curved member described in the previous lesson. According to Hooke's law, which relates stress to strain within...
Consider the curved member described in the previous lesson. According to Hooke's law, which relates stress to strain within...
179