地中海饮食与痴呆和阿尔茨海默病之间的关联:通过元分析进行系统审查
Daniele Nucci1, Andrea Sommariva2, Luca Mario Degoni2
1Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Igiene Alimenti E Nutrizione, Dipartimento Di Igiene E Prevenzione Sanitaria, Azienda Di Tutela Della Salute (ATS) Brescia, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi, 15, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
Aging clinical and experimental research
|March 23, 2024
概括
坚持地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 可能会降低老年人的痴呆风险. 这种饮食模式提供了一种有前途的非药物治疗方法,以减轻老年人群中痴呆症的患病率.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 痴呆症影响65岁以上的5-8%的人,全球约有5000万人受到影响.
- 饮食因素被认为是导致痴呆风险的重要因素.
- 地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 已经证明了对各种慢性疾病的潜在保护性益处.
研究的目的:
- 在老年人群中系统地审查和元分析MedDiet坚持和痴呆风险之间的关联.
- 量化MedDiet对痴呆症的潜在保护作用.
- 评估MedDiet作为预防痴呆症的非药物干预措施.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA-2020指南进行系统审查和元分析.
- 在PubMed/MEDLINE和Scopus数据库中进行的搜索截至2023年7月17日.
- 使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度评估偏差风险;用I2测试评估异质性;通过漏斗图表和埃格尔测试评估出版偏差.
主要成果:
- 分析包括了21项与65,955名参与者的研究,揭示了MedDiet坚持和痴呆风险的0.89 (95%CI:0.84-0.94) 的合并几率比率 (OR).
- 队列研究 (55205名参与者) 显示危险比率 (HR) 为0.84 (95% CI:0.76-0.94).
- 专注于阿尔茨海默病的具体情况,OR在38,292名参与者中为0.73 (95%CI:0.62-0.85).
结论:
- 对MedDiet的更高坚持与老年人痴呆症风险降低有关.
- 虽然风险降低很小,但老年人群是痴呆症影响最严重的人群.
- 医学饮食提出了一个可行的非药物战略,以帮助减轻全球痴呆症负担.
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