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遗传的身体能力:从年轻人到成年人到老年人之间的差异越来越大
Ole J Kemi1, Morten A Hoydal2, Per M Haram3
1School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|March 23, 2024
概括
低容量跑步者 (LCRs) 与高容量跑步者 (HCRs) 相比,即使在成年之前,他们的有氧能力和心肌细胞功能也会降低. 这种心肺呼吸能力的差异在成熟过程中会扩大.
科学领域:
- 心血管生理学心血管生理学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 动物模型 动物模型
背景情况:
- 心肺功能被分为遗传的低和高容量跑步者 (LCR和HCR) 鼠株.
- 这种隔离在成年时是稳定的,但在衰老时会扩大,影响功能,健康和死亡率.
- 在成年之前这种隔离的发展轨迹仍未得到研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估青少年LCR和HCR大鼠的心肺呼吸能力和心肌细胞结构功能.
- 为了确定在成年大鼠中观察到的性能差异是否存在并在成熟期间发展.
- 在发育过程中研究LCR和HCR菌株之间心脏功能差异的细胞机制.
主要方法:
- 在1个月和4个月大的LCR和HCR大鼠中,最大氧气吸收 (VO2max) 的比较.
- 在孤立心肌细胞中评估心肌细胞收缩性和 (Ca2+) 处理.
- 分析心肌细胞结构,包括细胞大小和横管 (t管) 完整性.
主要成果:
- 在1个月 (23%更少) 和4个月 (72%更少) 的时间里,LCRs的最大氧气吸收量明显低于HCRs.
- 在LCRs中,心肌细胞收缩性和Ca2+释放量减少了37-62%,而在两年龄段,与HCRs相比,LCRs减少了37-62%.
- 与HCR相比,LCRs在静止心肌细胞中增加了自发的Ca2+火花和波浪,并减少了t管结构.
结论:
- 与年轻的HCR大鼠相比,LCR大鼠的有氧能力下降,心肌细胞结构功能受损.
- 在青少年到近成人成熟期间,LCR和HCR菌株之间发生了心肺呼吸能力和心脏细胞功能的显著分歧.
- 这些发现突出了心脏发育的早期差异,有助于形成不同的生理能力.
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