中心层的演变和形成在葡萄酒葡萄中重复分析
Dan Pei1, Xue Yu1, Weihong Fu1
1Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Planta
|March 24, 2024
概括
研究人员确定了六个葡萄中位基因标记,揭示了中位基因DNA序列的快速演变. 这项研究增强了对葡萄植物进化和多化机制的理解.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 植物科学 植物科学
背景情况:
- 植物中的中心区域主要由重复的DNA序列组成,如卫星DNA (SatDNA) 和可转移元素 (TE).
- 中心基质子蛋白在物种之间具有功能性保护,但重复的DNA序列可以表现出显著的多样性.
- 了解葡萄中粒序列对于深入了解葡萄植物进化,包括起源和多化,至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述葡萄藤 (Vitis vinifera L.) 整个基因组中的中间体序列.
- 分析葡萄中中心重复的进化机制.
- 为了识别葡萄中基因特异性标记物用于细胞遗传学.
主要方法:
- 通过综合遗传和免疫学测试,挖掘中心特异性标记物.
- 隔离和表征中心体双重重复序列和长终端重复 (LTR) 序列.
- 分析中心体序列分布和新中心体生成的潜在机制.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出了六种葡萄中位素特异性标记物.
- 隔离了五个中心体双重重复序列 (Vv1,Vv2,Vv5,Vv6,Vv8) 和一个LTR序列 (Vv24).
- 识别的序列显示出多样化的中心分布,这表明葡萄中心序列的快速演变.
- 在CenH3亚域地区发现了染色体外圆形DNA (eccDNA) 和基因表达的证据.
结论:
- 这项研究为葡萄藤细胞遗传学提供了六种中心特异性标记物.
- 葡萄中心DNA序列表现出多样性和快速进化,有助于理解植物进化过程.
- 产生新的中心区域的潜在机制包括CenH3亚域内的eccDNA和基因表达.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Histone Variants at the Centromere
4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.3K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.1K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.1K
Chromosome Structure
22.8K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
22.8K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure
5.5K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
5.5K
Chromosome Replication
8.7K
Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins. This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
8.7K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.0K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.0K


