校正:老年人中的暂时孤独:背景差异及其根据性别和种族/民族的适度
Social science & medicine (1982)
|March 24, 2024
概括
年长的男性比女性更容易感到孤独. 在家外或与他人相处可以减少孤独感,但对于女性和少数民族的老年人来说,这种效应较弱.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 孤独与衰老有关,老年女性和黑人成年人可能面临更高的风险.
- 社会和身体背景影响孤独,但性别和种族/种族之间的差异性经验未得到充分研究.
- 了解孤独的实时变化对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究老年人的瞬间孤独如何与性别,种族/种族以及社会/身体背景有关.
- 调查不同老年人群中与孤独相关的背景的差异性暴露和反应.
- 确定性别和种族/种族如何调节背景与实时孤独之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了342名社区老年人的生态瞬间评估 (EMA) 的多层次回归.
- 通过智能手机"ping" (5/天21天) 收集了12744个EMA,跨越三个波.
- 评估暂时的孤独感,社会背景 (独自一人/与他人一起),和身体背景 (家里/外面).
主要成果:
- 男人报告的孤独强度始终高于女性,无论背景如何.
- 在家外或与他人相处与较低的孤独感有关.
- 对女性和少数民族的老年人 (黑人,西班牙裔) 来说,背景的保护作用较弱.
结论:
- 现实时间的孤独与老年人的社会和身体背景有很大差异.
- 性别和种族/种族调节了环境对孤独的影响,突出了特定的脆弱性.
- 这些发现有助于开发适应性干预措施,以应对老年人孤独的孤独感.
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