人工智能 (AI) 或增强型智能? 大数据和人工智能如何改变医疗保健:挑战和机遇
1Division of Medical Ethics and Law, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. km@sun.ac.za.
概括
人工智能 (AI) 和大数据正在改变医疗保健,影响医生与患者的关系. 伦理,法律和社会挑战出现,有可能加剧全球健康不平等.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 传统的医生与病人关系受到大数据和人工智能 (AI) 的挑战.
- 过渡到电子健康记录,可穿戴设备和移动健康应用程序使大规模的数据收集成为可能.
- 由复杂的神经网络驱动的AI系统越来越多地集成到医疗保健中.
研究的目的:
- 检查人工智能和医疗保健中的大数据所带来的伦理,法律和社会挑战.
- 突出需要特定环境的治理框架,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
- 解决人工智能有可能加剧全球健康不平等的问题.
主要方法:
- 审查医疗数据收集和人工智能实施的当前趋势.
- 对人工智能治理现有和新兴的全球指南进行分析.
- 检查医疗实践中人工智能和机器人的法律和伦理影响.
主要成果:
- 人工智能和大数据在医疗保健中带来了重大的伦理,法律和社会挑战.
- 全球人工智能治理指南正在出现,但许多国家缺乏具体的框架.
- 数字沟有可能扩大高收入和低收入国家之间的健康差距.
结论:
- 需要紧急制定立法,以解决医疗保健中人工智能和机器人的责任和问责制.
- 特定背景的框架对于全球公平的AI实施至关重要.
- 解决数字沟对于防止人工智能加剧健康不平等至关重要.
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