哺乳动物和鸟类之间的不同宿主内源性逆转录病毒关系反映在全基因组进化相互作用模式中
Wanjing Zheng1,2, Jun Gojobori1,3, Alexander Suh4,5
1Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan.
Genome biology and evolution
|March 25, 2024
概括
与哺乳动物相比,鸟类表现出更多与内源性逆转录病毒负载相关的基因. 基因沉默似乎是宿主逆转录病毒相互作用的关键机制,可能解释鸟类中较低的逆转录病毒负载.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物和鸟类表现出内源逆转录病毒 (ERV) 负载的显著差异.
- 主机-ERV的相互作用,包括冲突和合作,被认为是这些差异的原因.
- 宿主-ERV相互作用的长期基因组进化信号及其对ERV负载的影响仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究宿主-ERV相互作用的长期基因组进化信号.
- 确定这些相互作用如何导致哺乳动物和鸟类之间的ERV负载观察到的差异.
- 确定与ERV负载变化相关的特定基因和进化机制.
主要方法:
- 对大约5000个基因进行了类型学控制的相关性分析.
- 这项研究将每个基因的dN/dS比率与12种哺乳动物和21种鸟类的ERV负载进行了比较.
- 用基因组丰富分析来识别涉及宿主-ERV关联的生物过程.
主要成果:
- 与哺乳动物相比,鸟类的基因比例与dN/dS比率和ERV负载之间有很强的相关性.
- 发现白丰富的重复含蛋白23基因的dN/dS与鸟类的ERV负载之间存在显著的关联.
- 基因沉默,而不是免疫或DNA重组,被确定为两组dN/dS-ERV负载关联的主要贡献者.
结论:
- 鸟类和哺乳动物基因的独特进化模式部分解释了鸟类的较低ERV负载.
- 基因沉默是一种普遍的机制,在宿主和ERV之间长期的进化相互作用中发挥着重要作用.
- 宿主基因可能在整个进化过程中驱动或响应ERV负载的变化.
更多相关视频
13:19Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
Published on: November 2, 2013
16.6K
07:28Identification of Functionally-Relevant Lentivirus Integration Sites in an Insertional Mutagenesis Cell Library
Published on: January 10, 2025
263
相关概念视频
Retroviruses
12.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.3K
Viral Recombination
23.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.4K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.1K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.9K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.9K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.5K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.5K
Viral Mutations
32.3K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.3K
