在中国,为获得环境和经济利益而管理分散的耕地
Ouping Deng1,2,3, Jiangyou Ran2, Shuai Huang2
1College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Nature food
|March 26, 2024
概括
耕地碎片化降低了生产力,增加了废弃风险. 优化作物种类或整合分散的土地可以提高粮食供应,减少排放,在不扩大农田的情况下产生数十亿美元的收益.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 空间分析 空间分析
背景情况:
- 耕地碎片化是中国的一个重大问题,导致农业生产率下降,土地被遗弃的风险增加.
- 碎片化耕地,尽管占用了15%的肥,但仅占据了农作物总产量的8%,并造成了大量的肥料损失 (12%).
研究的目的:
- 分析中国耕地碎片化的空间限制和影响.
- 评估两种不同的战略,以优化分散的耕地:作物交换和土地整合.
- 评估这些优化策略的潜在经济和环境效益.
主要方法:
- 在详细的土地利用地图上利用空间统计数据来识别和量化碎片化的耕地.
- 模拟了作物交换对满足动物粮食需求的影响.
- 模拟了为大规模农业单位迁移碎片化耕地的影响.
主要成果:
- 由于空间限制,中国10%的耕地过于分散,无法进行大规模农业 (>10公).
- 转换作物可以增加19%的动物食品供应,并分别减少10%和101%的气和温室气体排放,产生70亿美元的年−1.1.
- 土地整合可以分别增加8%,3%和14%的牲畜,蔬菜和水果生产,减少16%和5%的排放,净收益为440亿美元.
结论:
- 农作物交换和土地整合都为提高粮食安全,经济回报和环境保护提供了可行的途径.
- 这些策略可以显著提高农业生产率并减少对环境的影响,而不会增加农田总面积.
- 解决耕地碎片化对于可持续农业和实现多种社会利益至关重要.
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