与COVID-19疫苗接种率相关的社区级因素:芝加哥的一个案例研究
Grace Keegan1, Mengqi Zhu2, Maria Paz3
1Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC 2007, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA. gkeegan@uchicago.edu.
BMC public health
|March 26, 2024
概括
种族和社会经济差异,无法获得护理或社区归属,显著影响了芝加哥社区的COVID-19疫苗接种率. 这些差异凸显了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 芝加哥的住宅隔离反映了国家模式,影响了医疗保健和社区信任.
- 有效的公共卫生干预措施,如COVID-19疫苗推广,依赖于基于社区的战略.
- 了解社区层面的因素对于公平的健康结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估在芝加哥的COVID-19疫苗接种率中获得初级保健和社区归属之间的关联.
- 确定疫苗接种坚持的主要人口和社会经济驱动因素.
- 为公平的疫苗分配提供公共卫生策略的信息.
主要方法:
- 对芝加哥公共卫生部数据 (12/2020-6/2022) 关于疫苗接种率,人口统计,社会经济地位,初级保健准入和社区归属的分析.
- 使用线性混合模型 (LMM) 以邻居为随机效应来解释社区内部的相关性.
- 检查了疫苗接种率与各种社区层面因素之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 芝加哥社区的COVID-19疫苗接种率平均为79%,但存在显著差异.
- 较高的疫苗接种率最初与更好地获得护理和更强大的社区归属有关.
- 较低的疫苗接种率与较高的黑人居民百分比和更大的贫困有关.
- 在调整了人口因素后,疫苗接种和护理准入/社区归属之间的联系减少了,而种族和贫困仍然是重要的预测因素.
结论:
- 虽然获得初级保健和社区归属与疫苗接种有初始的相关性,但它们的意义是由社会经济和种族因素调解的.
- 社会经济地位和种族是芝加哥COVID-19疫苗坚持的主要驱动因素.
- 未来的公共卫生工作必须优先考虑了解和解决贫困,种族和医疗保健准入的交叉关系,以改善疫苗接种公平.
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