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对海洋顶级捕食者对猎物结构变化的反应的生物能量建模

Mariana P Silva^1,2, Cláudia Oliveira^1,2, Rui Prieto^1,2

¹Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS University of the Azores Horta Portugal.

Ecology and evolution

|March 26, 2024

概括

雌性精油需要至少14%的食成功率 (FSR) 来满足能源需求. 猎物能量含量的变化显著影响它们的补偿能力,突出了它们对生态系统转变的脆弱性.

科学领域:

海洋生物学海洋生物学
生物能源学生物能源学
生态系统动态生态系统动态

背景情况:

了解动物的能量分配是预测物种对环境变化的反应的关键.
影响能量平衡的因素包括猎物特征,食行为和代谢要求.

研究的目的:

开发一种生物能量模型,用于估计雌性精油 (Physeter macrocephalus) 的最低食成功率 (FSR).
评估猎物结构 (大小和变化) 的变化对鱼能量摄入量和脆弱性的影响.

主要方法:

利用一种生物能量模型,结合了理论上的能量需求,从动物传播的标签中获取食物数据,以及从胃内容中获取猎物的特征.
模拟了两个场景:平均猎物大小下降 (能量含量较低) 和猎物大小变化率下降.
计算了在变化的猎物结构下满足生物能源需求所需的补偿水平.

主要成果:

雌性精油需要至少14%的FSR来满足日常代谢需求.
能量摄入对猎物的能量含量减少更为敏感,而不是对猎物的大小变化减少更为敏感.
需要显著增加能量摄入量 (21-49%),以弥补猎物的能量含量下降,以及 (13-24%) 减少能量变化.

结论:

该模型有效地估计了猎物结构变化对顶级捕食者的能量影响,从而告知了自下而上的生态系统效应.
生物能模型中的FSR变化至关重要,因为它对能量获取估计和捕食者脆弱性的结论产生重大影响.
这项研究强调了猎物特征在评估海洋捕食者对环境波动的反应方面的重要性.

关键词:

生物能源生物能源学能源的能量是能量的能量.食成功率食成功率海洋哺乳动物海洋哺乳动物模拟建模模型的使用方法生理生态生态生理生态学猎物的可用性猎物的可用性猎物大小猎物的大小

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