怀孕高血压:监测和研究的当前挑战和未来机会
Elena V Kuklina1, Robert K Merritt1, Janet S Wright1
1Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Journal of women's health (2002)
|March 26, 2024
概括
妊娠高血压 (HP) 正在上升,增加了长期心血管疾病的风险. 产后早期干预和扩大医疗保健准入对于管理HP和确保母亲健康长寿至关重要.
科学领域:
- 产科和妇科 产科和妇科
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 妊娠高血压 (HP),包括诸如子宫前和妊娠高血压等疾病,在过去三十年中,在美国的患病率翻了一番.
- 患有HP的个体面临着进展到慢性高血压和产后患心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险明显更高.
- 目前的产后护理和监测系统存在差距,缺少最佳出勤率和不足的生活方式咨询,影响长期的母亲健康结果.
研究的目的:
- 为了突出妊娠高血压 (HP) 的不断增加的患病率及其长期心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险.
- 强调HP患者的产后干预 (在第一年内) 的关键窗口.
- 强调需要改善医疗保健准入,产后访问出席和生活方式咨询,以减轻慢性健康状况.
主要方法:
- 分析出生证明和医院出院数据,以确定HP流行趋势.
- 审查现有的文献和医疗系统数据关于产后护理,心血管疾病风险因素和HP患者获得医疗保健的数据.
- 检查医疗补助计划产后覆盖范围延长的现有政策.
主要成果:
- 在过去的30年里,美国的HP患病率翻了一番,估计在2019年从10.1%到15.9%不等.
- 患有HP的女性患慢性高血压的风险高3.5倍,产后心血管疾病的风险高1.7-2.8倍.
- 在全国范围内,产后诊所的平均出席率为72.1%,有显著的差异,约40%的风险人群没有接受生活方式咨询.
结论:
- 早期和持续的产后干预,最好是在分娩后的第一年内,对于管理与HP相关的心血管疾病风险至关重要.
- 扩大获得负担得起的医疗保健的机会,例如扩大医疗补助覆盖范围,对于确保HP患者健康长寿至关重要.
- 通过综合数据源和标准化定义加强国家卫生监测是有效的HP监测和有针对性的政策制定所必需的.
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