传统和有机玉米中的亚毒素和烟雾素:综合性审查
Amanda L Gomes1, Rodrigo R Petrus1, Ricardo L M de Sousa1
1Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Brazil.
概括
农业系统并不能确定玉米受到亚毒素和烟雾素的污染. 需要有效的策略来减少对这些造成健康风险的真菌毒素的共同暴露.
科学领域:
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 菌类学 菌类学是指菌类学.
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 玉米容易受到 *Aspergillus* 和 *Fusarium* 种类的真菌污染.
- 非洲毒素 (特别是AFB1) 和烟雾毒素是这些真菌产生的真菌毒素.
- 非洲毒素被IARC归类为1A组 (对人类致癌),烟素被归类为2B组 (可能对人类致癌).
研究的目的:
- 分析常规和有机玉米中 aflatoxins和fumonisins的发生和同时暴露.
- 为了比较传统和有机玉米系统的污染脆弱性.
- 评估农业系统对真菌毒素污染和共同暴露的影响.
主要方法:
- 对玉米中阿弗拉托克辛和富蒙尼辛发生情况的现有文献的综述.
- 传统与有机玉米和副产品中的污染水平的比较分析.
- 检查不同地理区域和农业系统的同时发生的数据.
主要成果:
- 没有发现农业系统 (传统与有机) 是最终真菌毒素污染水平的决定性因素.
- 黄毒素和烟雾毒素的同时存在是全球性的问题,但农业系统之间的比较数据有限.
- 据报道,各种国家的传统玉米中的污染水平超过了立法限制.
结论:
- 无论是传统农业还是有机农业系统,都不能本质上防止玉米中阿弗拉托克辛和富蒙尼辛的污染.
- 有效的策略对于减轻真菌毒素污染和共同暴露至关重要,以保护公共健康.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解和管理与这些真菌毒素相关的共同暴露风险在玉米食品链中.
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