在阿尔卑斯山叶甲虫Oreina gloriosa种群中的色彩多态和交配趋势
Angela Roggero1, Daniele Alù1, Alex Laini1
1Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
PloS one
|March 26, 2024
概括
阿尔卑斯山叶甲虫表现出色彩多态性,这是捕食者搜索图像的一个悖论. 积极和消极的各种交配模式有助于在Oreina gloriosa种群中保持这些多样化的形态.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 阿尔卑斯山叶甲虫 (Chrysomelidae) 呈现出明亮的颜色,可能是对掠食者的非血性信号.
- 在欧洲阿尔卑斯山的物种中,蓝色/绿色的基底颜色表明了穆勒的模仿.
- 种群内部的色彩多态呈现出一种悖论,可能会阻碍捕食者搜索图像形成.
研究的目的:
- 调查各种交配在高山叶甲虫中维持色彩多态性的作用.
- 客观地识别和量化Oreina gloriosa种群中的颜色形态.
- 分析交配模式及其对形态频率的影响.
主要方法:
- 在意大利阿尔卑斯山,对Oreina gloriosa种群进行了为期三年的密集采样.
- 颜色测量和决策树方法的应用,用于客观的颜色形态识别.
- 使用JMating,QInfomating和蒙特卡洛模拟来分析交配模式.
主要成果:
- 确定了七种不同的颜色形态,在研究期间频率有显著的变化.
- 三级性别比率偏向于男性,这表明母亲在生育期间隐藏行为.
- 交配分析揭示了随机交配的一般趋势,以及积极和消极的分类交配的实例.
结论:
- 选择性交配,特别是消极的选择性交配,在维持多种颜色变形方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 积极的分类交配可能会通过积极选择有利于某些形态的优势.
- 随机,正和负分类交配的共存解释了Oreina gloriosa中多形态的持久性.
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