变量,有时不存在,但从来没有负值:将多层次的变量模型应用于向后交叉声效应,以找到理论约束
Christoph Naefgen1, Robert Gaschler1
1Allgemeine Psychologie: Lernen, Motivation, Emotion, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany.
Acta psychologica
|March 26, 2024
概括
逆向交叉效应 (BCE) 并非总是存在的,并且在个体之间有所不同,这挑战了双重任务理论. 这种变化表明 BCE不是一个自动的认知过程,而是受到其他因素的影响.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类认知能力 人类认知能力
- 双任务性能 双任务性能
背景情况:
- 倒向交叉效应 (BCE) 描述了任务一致性如何影响先前任务的性能.
- BCE与认知绑定和双重任务能力限制理论有关.
- 之前的研究发现了 BCE 的变化,但缺乏直接分析它的方法.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究反向交叉效应 (BCE) 和相关的自由选择对等效应的可变性.
- 要确定 BCE 是一个通用的,自动的认知现象还是一个可变的.
- 探索导致ECB变化的潜在因素.
主要方法:
- 采用贝叶斯的多层次建模,对来自双任务实验的数据进行分析.
- 任务涉及两个响应和四个响应任务,操作任务顺序和响应类型 (自由与强制选择).
- 分析反应时间 (RT) 和选择一致性偏差数据.
主要成果:
- RT数据表明,BCE在某些个体中是缺席的,而在其他个体中则是积极的,可变的效应.
- 选择对等偏差数据显示,在整个人口中,变量总是具有积极的影响.
- 欧洲中央银行不是一个不灵活的,普遍的认知现象.
结论:
- 逆向交叉效应 (BCE) 在个人和条件之间表现出显著的变化.
- 这些发现挑战了BCE作为一种自动,非自愿的认知过程的概念.
- 未来的研究应该专注于确定驱动BCE变化的因素,可能使用多会话实验.
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