在自闭症和发育障碍监测网络的自闭症社区测试实践
Ashley Robinson Williams1,2, Esther Amoakohene1, Matthew J Maenner1
1National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
|March 26, 2024
概括
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 测试在不同群体之间有很大的差异,在种族,收入和智力能力方面存在差异. 这些发现凸显了需要标准化的ASD识别实践,以确保平等地获得诊断工具.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 在社区环境中缺乏关于自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 诊断测试的人口级数据.
- 了解当前的测试实践对于改善ASD识别工作至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 诊断测试在大量8岁儿童队列中的使用情况.
- 根据人口统计和临床因素,识别测试实践的变化.
主要方法:
- 利用自闭症和发育障碍监测网络的数据,这是一个多站点监控系统.
- 患有自闭症儿童接受任何自闭症测试或"黄金标准"测试 (ADOS或ADI-R) 的计算百分比.
- 通过使用风险比率,分析了不同地点,性别,种族,收入和智力状况的差异.
主要成果:
- 在5058名患有自闭症的儿童中,64.0%接受了任何自闭症测试,42.2%接受了"黄金标准"测试.
- 根据种族,社会经济地位和智力障碍的存在,观察到测试率的显著差异.
- 例如,低收入社区的儿童和智力障碍儿童接受诊断测试的比例较低.
结论:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 测试实践在不同地理位置和人口群体之间表现出相当大的差异.
- 基于种族和智力障碍的测试差异表明需要改进和标准化方法来识别自闭症.
- 这些发现强调了提高ASD诊断服务的公平性和有效性的机会.
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