在紧急制动过程中,自动驾驶汽车中不受约束的乘客的运动分析
Silvia Santos-Cuadros1, Álvaro Page Del Pozo2, Carolina Álvarez-Caldas1
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto de Seguridad de los Vehículos Automóviles (ISVA, Institute for Vehicle Safety Assurance), Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, Spain.
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
|March 27, 2024
概括
这项研究分析了在没有安全带的自动驾驶公共汽车紧急制动过程中乘客的身体运动. 这些发现强调了骨盆和胸部运动的重要性,而不仅仅是头系统,对于理解乘客动力学和安全.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 道路交通安全 道路交通安全
- 人类运动分析 人类运动分析
背景情况:
- 传统的生物力学研究往往集中在头部系统,由于安全带的限制.
- 在公共交通和新兴的自动驾驶汽车中,无约束场景是常见的.
- 了解全身动力学对于在没有腰带的情况下确保乘客安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究骨盆,胸部和头部在不带安全带的乘客紧急制动期间的动力链.
- 分析身体部分运动的协调和顺序.
- 确定不同身体部位运动之间的相关性及其对部负荷的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 实验研究涉及18名在紧急制动期间在自动驾驶公共汽车中没有带安全带的乘客.
- 高速 (100 fps) 视频分析,在关键的身体部位 (膝盖,骨盆,腰部,胸部,部,头部) 上使用反射标记.
- 测量动力学变量,包括角度,位移,角速度和加速.
主要成果:
- 确定了身体运动的不同阶段和骨盆,胸部和头部的顺序旋转.
- 在骨盆旋转,腰部曲和垂直的干部运动之间发现了相关性.
- C7脊椎的升高与骨盆倾斜有关,而不是腰部曲;顶部加速发生在反弹期间,不足以造成伤害.
结论:
- 完整的干部动力学,特别是骨盆运动,应纳入制动和撞击研究.
- 仅仅专注于头部系统是不够的,没有带安全带的乘客安全分析.
- 调查结果为设计自动驾驶汽车和公共交通安全系统提供了初步数据.
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