青铜时代的古老基因组遗骸揭示了人类口腔病原体的深度多样性和最近的适应性情节
Iseult Jackson1,2, Peter Woodman3, Marion Dowd4
1Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Molecular biology and evolution
|March 27, 2024
概括
古老的口腔微生物组揭示了病原生物种群的显著变化,如Streptococcus mutans和Tannerella forsythia,与最近的饮食变化和工业时期有关. 这项研究提供了S. mutans的第一个古老基因组.
科学领域:
- 古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
- 微生物进化 微生物进化
- 口腔微生物组研究
背景情况:
- 描述史前口腔病原生物的多样性是有限的,特别是比较古代和最近的考古学时期.
- 以前对古代欧洲基因组的遗传学分析并没有超越农业前时期.
研究的目的:
- 从4000年前的牙中分析保存良好的微生物组,以了解病原生物的进化.
- 描述史前的口腔病原生物多样性,并将其与最近的时期进行比较.
- 报告第一个Streptococcus mutans的古老基因组.
主要方法:
- 从两颗4000年前的人类牙中分析古代微生物组.
- 细菌基因组的元基因组组合和遗传学分析,包括Streptococcus mutans和Tannerella forsythia.
- 将古代菌株多样性与现代种群进行比较,以推断人口和功能变化.
主要成果:
- 在4000年前的牙中发现了与牙周炎和Streptococcus mutans相关的细菌,而Streptococcus mutans是导致牙损伤的主要原因.
- 报告了来自同一个人的不同的Tannerella forsythia基因组,这表明史前高品种多样性.
- 产生了第一个Streptococcus mutans的古老基因组,揭示了微生物组失调与大量的S. mutans.
- 遗传学分析表明,这两种物种在中世纪后出现了大量的人口扩张,这与饮食变化有关.
- 观察到T.forsythia的毒性表现的变化以及现代种群中深刻分歧的S.mutans血统的持久性.
结论:
- 最近的饮食变化,特别是工业时期糖的普及,对口腔病原生物种群和功能产生了深刻的影响.
- 塔内雷拉·福西提亚经历了显著的谱系更换和毒性谱系变化,可能是由于全基因组的选择性扫描.
- 突变性链球菌通过重组维持了多样性,显示了与糖消费增加相吻合的人口和功能转变.
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