在外热动物的免疫功能中的热适应量化
1Biology Department, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA.
Biology
|March 27, 2024
概括
了解动物对温度变化的免疫适应对于预测宿主-病原体动态至关重要. 本综述检查了实验设计,以量化动物免疫反应的热适应在不同的种类.
科学领域:
- 生态免疫学 生态免疫学
- 动物生理学 动物生理学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 免疫适应温度影响宿主-病原体相互作用和健康.
- 在历史上,生态免疫学研究一直专注于脊椎动物和昆虫,但热适应在各种动物种群中都很重要.
- 最近有大量研究调查动物免疫功能中的热适应.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分类目前用于量化动物免疫适应的实验设计.
- 评估评估热适应机制的不同方法的优缺点.
- 突出结合各种方法论的重要性,以获得全面的理解.
主要方法:
- 研究被分为三个主要方法:自然热变化,体内操纵和体内测试.
- 对实验设计的分析,重点关注免疫适应的生物和细胞水平.
- 强调功能性检测,如细胞化,以评估免疫细胞的性能.
主要成果:
- 实验设计各不相同,包括对自然季节变化的研究,囚禁动物操纵和基于实验室的测试.
- 有机体和细胞机制都对免疫适应有贡献,而这两者并不相互排斥.
- 功能性测试提供了一种多功能方法,以区分免疫细胞数量和细胞功能的变化.
结论:
- 自然变异研究,体内和体外方法的结合对于进一步了解动物免疫适应是必不可少的.
- 功能性免疫细胞检测提供了一种可访问的,非种群特异的方法来剖析适应机制.
- 结合这些方法的进一步研究将揭示动物用来调整其免疫系统以适应不断变化的热环境的策略的多样性.
相关概念视频
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
13.5K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
13.5K
Body Temperature
949
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
949
Requirements for Human Life
8.1K
The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
8.1K
Thermoregulation
982
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
982
Increased Body Temperature
667
A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
667
Absorption of Radiation
727
The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
727


