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致病原体导致儿童社区获得的尿路感染及其日益增长的抗菌素耐药性:全国性研究
Vered Shkalim Zemer1,2, Shai Ashkenazi3, Yoel Levinsky2,4,5
1Clalit Health Services, Petach Tikva 4900000, Israel.
儿童尿路感染 (UTI) 通常是由大肠杆菌引起的. 抗菌素耐药性正在增加,特别是扩展谱β-乳糖酶生成的大肠杆菌,需要更新治疗指南.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 抗微生物耐药性 抗微生物耐药性
- 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
背景情况:
- 尿路感染 (UTI) 在儿童中很常见,导致严重的发病率和潜在的长期并发症.
- 优化经验性抗生素治疗儿科尿路感染需要最新的致病原体和其耐药性模式的数据.
研究的目的:
- 调查导致儿童社区获得的尿路感染的病原体.
- 分析尿病原体与人口特征之间的相关性.
- 识别随着时间的推移,儿科尿道感染病原体抗微生物耐药性的趋势.
主要方法:
- 全国横截面研究涉及53,203名被诊断患有尿路感染的儿童 (<18岁).
- 在2007年,2011年,2015年,2019年和2021年,从社区门诊收集的数据.
- 对病原体分布,人口相关性和抗菌素耐药性趋势的分析.
主要成果:
- 大肠杆菌 (E. coli) 是最常见的泌尿病原体 (82.1%),其次是肠杆菌,克莱布西拉,白质菌,伪杆菌和菌菌种.
- 观察到显著的性别和部门特异性模式,犹太男性中非大肠杆菌尿路感染的患病率更高.
- 扩展谱β-乳糖酶 (ESBL) 阳性大肠杆菌的比率显著增加,从2007年的6.1%增加到2021年的25.4%.
结论:
- 大肠杆菌是小儿社区获得性尿路感染的主要病原体,但耐药性模式正在演变.
- 增加ESBL产生的大肠杆菌和非大肠杆菌泌尿病原体的耐药性需要仔细选择经验性抗生素.
- 定期对抗微生物耐药性的局部评估对于更新治疗指南和确保儿童尿路感染的有效治疗至关重要.
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