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海豚短期听力疲劳和自我缓解

James J Finneran1, Katelin Lally2, Jason Mulsow2

  • 1U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific Code 56710, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, California 92152, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
概括

海豚可以通过预测大声的声音来减少来自大声的听力疲劳. 一只海豚在警告后表现出较少的疲劳,这表明噪音影响的自我缓解.

科学领域:

  • 海洋哺乳动物听觉神经科学
  • 生物声学是一种生物声学.
  • 动物行为 动物行为

背景情况:

  • 海洋哺乳动物面临着越来越多的噪音污染.
  • 了解他们的听觉系统对声音的反应至关重要.
  • 听觉脑干反应 (ABR) 提供了对听觉功能的洞察.

研究的目的:

  • 为了调查海豚是否在强烈的声音之前表现出有条件的听力减弱.
  • 要区分条件减弱和刺激后的听觉疲劳.
  • 探索海豚听力中的"自我缓解"概念.

主要方法:

  • 测量两只海豚的听觉脑干响应 (ABR) 在57kHz.
  • 将海豚暴露在强烈的40 kHz音色中,持续时间越来越长 (0.5-16秒).
  • 在强烈的声音之前发出警告声音,以引起有条件的反应.

主要成果:

  • 一只海豚显示有条件的听力减弱和最小的疲劳.
  • 第二只海豚表现出听力疲劳,但没有条件减弱.
  • 在几秒钟内观察到听力疲劳,比之前报告的门转移快得多.

结论:

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  • 有条件的听力减弱可以作为对噪音引起的听力影响的自我缓解策略.
  • 个人反应的差异表明海豚的应对机制各不相同.
  • 听力疲劳的迅速发作挑战了对海洋哺乳动物噪音影响的现有模型.