高水平青年足球运动员冲刺表现的规范性参考百分点:需要考虑生物成熟度的需要
Ludwig Ruf1,2, Stefan Altmann1,3, Christian Kloss2
1TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen,Germany.
Pediatric exercise science
|March 27, 2024
概括
青少年足球运动员冲刺时间的参考百分点是使用时间和骨年龄计算的. 对于早期和晚期成熟的球员来说,表现得分的差异很大,有助于识别人才.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 儿科运动医学 儿科运动医学
- 人才识别 人才识别
背景情况:
- 评估年轻人的体育表现需要适合年龄的基准.
- 年代学年龄可能不准确地反映年轻运动员的生物成熟度.
- 骨年龄为绩效评估提供了一个生物成熟度指标.
研究的目的:
- 根据青少年足球运动员的时间和骨年龄,建立5米和30米冲刺时间的参考百分点.
- 为了比较来自时间和骨年龄参考百分点的冲刺表现得分.
- 评估这些百分比在青少年足球中用于人才识别的实用性.
主要方法:
- 收集了1745名男性青年足球运动员 (U11-U19) 的冲刺时间 (5和30米).
- 获得了776名球员的骨年龄数据.
- 利用了通用的增值模型来适应参考百分点.
- 计算个人z分数相对于时间和骨年龄百分点.
- 通过使用标准化平均差异 (SMD) 对成熟度组 (晚期,准时,早期,非常早期) 的z分数进行比较.
主要成果:
- 时间学年龄的参考百分位数在10.5-15.5岁之间迅速增加.
- 骨年龄的参考百分点显示在13.0-16.5年之间迅速增加.
- 在时间和骨年龄评估之间观察到z分数的显著差异,特别是在非常早期 (SMD: -0.73至-0.43) 和晚期成熟的球员 (SMD: 0.58至1.29) 之间.
- 对于早期 (SMD: -0.30到-0.19) 和及时成熟的球员 (SMD: 0.16到0.28),差异是微不足道的.
结论:
- 基于骨年龄的参考百分位数提供了一个更细致的评估,比较单独的时间年龄,在青年足球运动员的冲刺表现.
- 这些百分点是识别人才的宝贵工具,为成熟度相关的绩效变化提供了洞察力.
- 这些发现支持使用生物成熟度来评估年轻足球运动员的运动潜力.
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