通过网络方法追踪二十年的碳排放量
Gianluca Guidi1,2, Rossana Mastrandrea3, Angelo Facchini1
1IMT School for Advanced Studies, Piazza San Francesco 19, 55100, Lucca, Italy.
Scientific reports
|March 28, 2024
概括
全球碳排放正在发生转变. 碳贸易网络的新分析显示,贸易活动增加使净出口商的排放量增加到净进口商的排放量,挑战了目前基于生产的会计方法.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 网络分析 网络分析
背景情况:
- 目前的气候变化政策将碳排放归咎于生产者.
- 最近的文献提出了基于消费的计算,以计算进口商品中嵌入的碳.
- 了解全球排放流对于有效的气候政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 用基于消费的方法分析全球排放流的结构.
- 量化贸易活动对各国之间的碳排放的影响.
- 评估消费意识会计对气候责任的影响.
主要方法:
- 在20年内为100个国家建立碳贸易网络.
- 基于平衡面板数据的排放流量分析.
- 确定"净生产国"/"净出口国"和"净消费国"/"净进口国"的国家.
主要成果:
- 各国总是作为排放的净出口国或净进口国.
- 全球贸易的增加导致了排放量从净出口商转移到净进口商的增加.
- 个别的贸易交流已经变得不那么碳密集,但总体排放量却有所增加.
结论:
- 基于消费的会计为气候责任提供了不同的视角.
- 转向消费意识的会计可能会重新分配排放责任.
- 这种方法可能有助于减少气候变化影响和问责制方面的差异.
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