对全球药剂师的继续教育模式和法定要求进行范围审查
Sholene Ballaram1, Velisha Perumal-Pillay2, Fatima Suleman3
1Discipline of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, 4000, Durban, South Africa. sholeneh@yahoo.com.
BMC medical education
|March 28, 2024
概括
全球药剂师利用多种持续专业发展 (CPD) 模式,高收入国家领导实施. 强制性CPD对于推进药房实践至关重要,特别是在发展中国家.
科学领域:
- 药房实践 在药房实践中
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 持续的专业发展 持续的专业发展
背景情况:
- 药剂师对于整合科学知识和适应不断变化的医疗保健至关重要.
- 持续专业教育 (CPE) 和持续专业发展 (CPD) 确保能力和高质量的患者护理.
- 药剂师的终身学习 (LLL) 活动在全球范围内因需求和偏好而有所不同.
研究的目的:
- 为药剂师研究全球CPE/CPD模型.
- 检查全球药剂师注册和执照的法定要求.
主要方法:
- 从2012年1月到2023年2月的文献范围审查.
- 在PubMed,谷歌学者,科学网和大学图书馆数据库中进行的搜索.
- 根据PRISMA指南,根据国家收入,CPE/CPD模型,法定要求和LLL偏好分析的文章.
主要成果:
- 24项研究符合标准,其中大多数来自高收入国家 (HIC).
- 强制性CPD积分系统很普遍 (87.5%),尽管一些HIC和中高收入国家 (UMIC) 有非强制性系统.
- 人们更喜欢面对面的学习 (54.2%),还注意到工作场所和混合学习.
结论:
- 全球CPE/CPD模型和要求是多样化和不断发展的.
- 高质量产业协会主导着CPD模型的实施;低质量产业协会和低质量产业协会需要进一步探索有效的,包容性的模型.
- 强制性CPD越来越多地要求获得许可,这对于药房实践在发展医疗保健系统中的进步至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:20Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview
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Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
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01:26Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion
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Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
70
01:06Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models
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Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
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01:03Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact
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Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
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00:59Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis
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Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
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01:15Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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