癌症基因组学和组织病理学的深度学习
Michaela Unger1, Jakob Nikolas Kather2,3,4
1Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. michaela.unger@tu-dresden.de.
Genome medicine
|March 28, 2024
概括
深度学习 (DL) 提供了分析癌症组织病理学和基因组数据的新方法,提高了精确的瘤学. 研究人员必须意识到DL模型的偏见和可靠医疗保健应用的局限性.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 精确瘤学依赖于组织病理学和基因组分析来为癌症患者提供护理.
- 传统分析涉及手动幻灯片审查和基因组数据的计算管道.
- 人工智能,特别是机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL),提供了新的数据分析方法.
研究的目的:
- 审查深度学习 (DL) 在癌症组织病理学和基因组学中的当前和新兴应用.
- 探索DL在基本诊断和高级预后任务中的潜力.
- 讨论DL对未来瘤学工作流程和研究的影响.
主要方法:
- 对癌症病理学和基因组学中的深度学习应用现有文献的审查.
- 分析详细描述使用DL的诊断和预后任务的研究.
- 检查有关DL对癌症研究和临床工作流程的影响的证据.
主要成果:
- 深度学习 (DL) 显示出显著的潜力,可以增强和潜在地取代传统方法在分析组织病理幻灯片和基因组数据.
- DL的应用涵盖了基本的诊断功能到瘤学的先进的预后预测.
- 有证据表明,DL可以成为癌症研究和临床实践中新工作流程的基础.
结论:
- 深度学习 (DL) 准备通过从组织病理学和基因组数据中提取更深入的见解来彻底改变癌症研究和精确瘤学.
- 对DL模型中的偏见和缺陷的认识和缓解对于其在医疗保健中的安全和有效实施至关重要.
- 解决DL的局限性对于建立信任和确保AI在瘤学中的负责任发展至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:18Cancer
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
02:21Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
02:07Tumor Progression
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
02:21Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...