阿拉伯世界中的欺凌:定义,感知和对公共卫生和干预措施的影响
Muthanna Samara1, Nura Alkathiri1, Mahitab Sherif1
1Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK.
概括
在卡塔尔的阿拉伯民族中,欺凌的看法各不相同. 参与者经常描述有害的意图和权力不平衡,与埃及人相比,埃及人使用的术语不同,对"Tanammor"术语的偏好较低.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 跨文化研究跨文化研究.
背景情况:
- 欺凌是一个重要的问题,有着不同的文化解释.
- 了解不同阿拉伯国家如何看待和描述欺凌对于有效干预至关重要.
- 对于欺凌的现有阿拉伯术语可能无法完全捕捉其在不同文化背景中的细微差别.
研究的目的:
- 调查卡塔尔的不同阿拉伯民族如何描述和感知欺凌.
- 为了比较不同阿拉伯群体的欺凌行为的术语和概念化.
- 探索现有的阿拉伯术语对欺凌的适用性以及对文化相关替代品的需求.
主要方法:
- 研究1:在卡塔尔与来自不同国籍的36名阿拉伯青少年和成年人聚焦小组,使用基于场景的询问而不使用"欺凌"一词.
- 研究2:对卡塔尔的117名阿拉伯语学生进行调查,评估在使用阿拉伯语和英语术语的场景中描述欺凌行为.
- 数据收集涉及国际和独立学校的定性描述和定量术语使用.
主要成果:
- 参与者经常使用伤害意图和权力不平衡的概念来描述欺凌.
- 在埃及参与者与其他阿拉伯国籍之间的描述中出现了显著的差异.
- 术语"Tanammor" (تنمُّر) 很少使用;相反,诸如"Ta'adi" (تعدي) 和行为描述 ('solok sayea' - سلوك سيء) 这样的术语更为常见.
结论:
- 目前的阿拉伯术语,包括"Tanammor",可能无法充分代表卡塔尔所有阿拉伯文化背景中的欺凌行为.
- 需要开发一种新的,文化敏感的阿拉伯术语来形容欺凌.
- 文化适应的术语可以提高意识,并为有针对性的预防和干预策略提供信息.
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