在多发性硬化症高效治疗后对SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种反应的长期观察-现实世界情景
Muriel Schraad1, Stefan Runkel2, Walter Hitzler2
1Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Vaccines
|March 28, 2024
概括
在-1酸盐 (S1P) 调节器上患有多发性硬化症 (MS) 的患者表现出良好的SARS-CoV-2疫苗反应. 然而,那些接受抗CD20疗法的患者反应减弱,需要立即进行抗病毒治疗.
科学领域:
- 神经免疫学 神经免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种慢性神经炎症疾病,需要免疫调节疗法.
- 患有多发性硬化症的患者患重症感染的风险增加,包括SARS-CoV-2.
- 对MS患者来说,监测和预防传染病,特别是通过疫苗接种,至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究重复的SARS-CoV-2感染或疫苗接种对接受高效治疗的多发性硬化症患者免疫反应的影响.
- 为了比较SARS-CoV-2疫苗的免疫性,在接受黄素-1-酸盐受体调节剂 (S1P) 和抗CD20 B细胞疗法治疗的患者中.
- 评估影响SARS-CoV-2抗体标位和淋巴细胞/免疫球蛋白水平的因素在接受这些治疗的MS患者中.
主要方法:
- 一项前性现实研究,涉及201名多发性硬化症患者 (pwMS),接受S1P或抗CD20疗法治疗.
- 测量抗SARS-CoV-2抗体标位,使用两种独立的免疫试验,在初始免疫接种和强剂暴露 (疫苗接种或感染) 后进行.
- 长度观察淋巴细胞和免疫球蛋白水平,以及其他实验室和临床参数.
主要成果:
- 尽管有淋巴缺血症,但S1P治疗的pwMS显示出强大的SARS-CoV-2免疫反应 (88-100%血清转化).
- 对抗CD20疗法的PwMS显示,抗体标位的长期增加有限 (52%血清转化),不论淋巴细胞或免疫球蛋白水平.
- 治疗前的免疫接种导致S1P上的pwMS中抗体水平持续高,而抗CD20治疗始终导致抗体标位降低.
结论:
- 重复疫苗接种有利于pwMS在非选择性S1P疗法上,增强SARS-CoV-2抗体反应.
- 针对抗CD20疗法的PwMS显示出免疫反应受损,由于抗体水平较低,需要考虑立即进行抗病毒治疗.
- 在抗CD20治疗中维持高抗体水平是具有挑战性的,即使在重复接种疫苗或病毒暴露的情况下也是如此.
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