疫苗接种减少了牛结核的传播,改善了牛结核的消除前景
Abebe Fromsa1,2, Katriina Willgert3, Sreenidhi Srinivasan4,5,6
1Aklilu Lemma Institutes of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 28, 2024
概括
接种Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 疫苗可以显著保护牛群免受牛结核病 (bTB) 的影响. 在小牛中,BCG疫苗在减少bTB传播方面具有89%的总有效性.
科学领域:
- 兽医免疫学
- 传染病流行病学
- 细菌学
背景情况:
- Calmette-Guérin (BCG) 是一种来自Mycobacterium bovis的活体减弱疫苗.
- 广泛使用BCG来保护儿童免受结核病的侵害.
- 它在保护牲畜,特别是牛群中对M. bovis的有效性尚未完全量化.
研究的目的:
- 量化BCG疫苗在牛中预防M. bovis传播的有效性.
- 通过减少传播来估计直接的防护和间接的防护.
- 模拟常规BCG疫苗接种对埃塞俄比亚乳制品行业牛结核消除的影响.
主要方法:
- 在1年时间内对接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的小牛进行自然传播实验.
- 直接估计BCG疫苗接种和未接种动物的传播率.
- 对牛结核 (bTB) 传播的机械传播模型的开发.
主要成果:
- 在小牛中,BCG疫苗对M. bovis感染有58%的直接疗效.
- 间接疗效,减少感染疫苗接种动物的传播,为74%.
- 据估计,BCG疫苗的总疗效为89%,可信度间隔为74%至96%.
结论:
- 在牛群中,BCG疫苗可有效预防牛结核.
- 这种疫苗显著减少了M. bovis的传播,突出了其间接的保护性益处.
- 常规BCG疫苗接种有望在牛群中消除牛结核病,特别是在埃塞俄比亚的乳制品行业.
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