在一年级兽医学生的动物暴露,敏感化和过敏症状
Eva Zahradnik1, Christoph Nöllenheidt1, Ingrid Sander1
1Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Allergologie select
|March 29, 2024
概括
终身动物暴露可能会保护兽医学生免受过敏的发展. 儿童和青少年与动物,特别是狗的接触增加与敏感性降低和过敏症状有关.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 兽医学生在专业培训之前经常与动物有广泛的接触.
- 了解动物暴露对过敏发展的长期影响对于这一群体至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查终身,特定物种的动物暴露和兽医学生现有的敏感性和过敏症状的流行之间的联系.
- 分析动物暴露的持续时间和强度与过敏的发展之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一个问卷评估了动物终身暴露史和过敏症状.
- 使用ImmunoCAP测量了针对无处不在的吸入剂和动物过敏原的特定IgE水平.
- 统计分析,包括费舍尔精确测试和科克兰-阿米塔奇趋势测试,检查了暴露,敏感化和症状之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在313名兽医学生中,超过90%的人以前曾与狗和猫有过接触.
- 猫的敏感率为11%,狗的7%,马的5%;然而,只有很小一部分报告了症状.
- 狗暴露时间的延长与狗特异性敏感度的降低相关 (p=0.0069) 以及无处不在的过敏原敏感度的一般降低 (p=0.0107).
结论:
- 长期暴露在动物身上,特别是在童年和青春期,似乎有保护作用,防止动物产生特定的敏感性.
- 在兽医学生中检测到的大多数动物敏感化没有临床相关性.
- 在农场长大的学生没有表现出对动物的敏感性,支持早期和广泛的动物接触的保护作用.
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