捕食者选择在多组件警告信号在一个无血性的捕食者选择
Liisa Hämäläinen1,2,3, Georgina E Binns1, Nathan S Hart1
1School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 14 Eastern Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
概括
捕食者专注于特定的警告信号,比如的腹部条纹,可以让其他特征变化,比如翅膀图案. 这就解释了散的猎物是如何进化出多种不同的色彩的.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 异体捕食者使用警告信号来阻止捕食者,但尽管预期的选择是统一的,这些信号的内部变化是常见的.
- 捕食者学习和避免特定信号组件可能会放松对其他警告信号特征的选择,这可能解释了这种变化.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究警告色彩的不同组成部分如何影响捕食者攻击决策,在体 *Amata nigriceps*.
- 测试这一假设,捕食者对特定信号元素的注意力可以解释观察到的异构模式的变异性.
主要方法:
- 创建了人工模型,操纵了翅膀斑点大小和腹部条纹存在/数量.
- 一个天然的鸟类捕食者,杂的矿工 (*Manorina melanocephala*),与这些模型一起呈现.
- 捕食者攻击决策被记录下来,以评估不同警告信号组件的影响.
主要成果:
- 当腹部条纹存在时,鸟类对翅膀信号变化没有偏好.
- 由于没有腹部条纹,鸟类更喜欢带有较小翅膀斑点的模型.
- 鸟类更有可能攻击腹部条纹较少的模型.
结论:
- 禽类的捕食者主要集中在*Amata nigriceps*的腹部条纹上,这表明这个组成部分驱动着回避学习.
- 捕食者对腹部条纹的注意力可能会减轻对翅膀色彩的选择压力,从而允许更大的物种内部变化.
- 了解单个信号组件的作用对于解释异质物种警告色彩的演变至关重要.
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