在年轻人和老年人中,人们的名字作为预期效用函数的战略学习
Christel Devue1, Marie Badolle1, Serge Brédart1
1Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
概括
人们发现学习名字很困难. 这项研究表明,个人优先学习重要人物的名字,证明了跨年龄组回忆名字的成本效益高的记忆策略.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人类的记忆 人类的记忆
- 老龄化和认知能力
背景情况:
- 学习和记住人们的名字是所有年龄段的共同挑战.
- 个人可以采用适应性,成本效益的记忆策略,优先考虑被认为更有用的信息.
- 在名称和语义信息编码中感知字符重要性的作用尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查个人在学习名称和相关语义信息时是否使用成本效益高的编码策略.
- 检查与年龄相关的名称回忆差异和角色重要性的影响.
- 探索自我报告的策略使用与记忆性能之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在年轻和年长的成年参与者中,采用了伪偶然学习范式.
- 参与者对12个不同重要程度的电视节目角色 (主要,次要,小部分) 的面孔,名字和仪器三胞胎进行了审查.
- 一个惊喜的回忆测试评估了名字和语义信息的记忆.
主要成果:
- 年轻的成年人在回忆方面表现优于老年人,语义信息被回忆得比名字更好.
- 两个年龄组的参与者都表现出更好的回忆力,对更重要的角色的名字和语义细节.
- 个体差异很大,自我报告的成本效益策略的使用与绩效有积极的相关性.
结论:
- 这些发现支持了人们使用成本效益高的编码策略的假设,优先学习有关更重要的字符的信息.
- 在个人层面上观察到对重要人物名称和语义细节的记忆优势.
- 这些结果突出了适应性记忆过程和整个生命周期中名称学习策略的个体变化.
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