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在返回的人道主义援助工作者中出现的健康问题和接触感染风险
Ghania Benabdelmoumen1, Rob W Van der Pluijm1, Fabien Taieb1
1Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, 75015 Paris, France.
Journal of travel medicine
|March 29, 2024
概括
人道主义援助工作者在国外面临重大健康风险,包括感染和受伤. 年轻的工人,农村地区的工人和非医疗人员的风险更高,需要有针对性的预防策略.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 人道主义援助工作者容易受到部署相关的健康威胁.
- 识别高风险子组对于优化卫生干预至关重要.
- 援助人员的不同群体需要量身定制的风险评估.
研究的目的:
- 分析人道主义援助工作人员在部署后的健康风险和暴露模式.
- 确定与增加的健康风险相关的人口和部署特定因素.
- 为制定有针对性的预防策略提供信息,并改善部署前的咨询.
主要方法:
- 从援助工作者访问部署后诊所 (2018-2021) 的匿名数据的回顾性研究.
- 从标准问卷中对人口统计数据,自我报告的暴露和健康问题的描述性分析.
- 包括来自1238名救援人员的1529次医疗咨询.
主要成果:
- 常见的暴露包括淡水接触 (14.3%),未受保护的性接触 (9.0%),狂犬病暴露 (3.7%) 和血液暴露 (2.9%).
- 最常见的健康问题是胃肠道问题 (31.9%),疟疾 (15.5%) 和呼吸道感染 (6.2%).
- 报告指出,人们对疟疾化疗预防的坚持不佳 (29.0%);1.2%的人因健康问题而需要遣返.
结论:
- 人道主义援助工作者在部署期间遇到严重的健康问题和风险暴露.
- 年轻的援助工作者,农村工作者和非医疗组织工作者面临更高的风险.
- 研究结果支持加强部署前教育,降低风险的行为,以及加强对医疗建议的遵守,特别是疟疾预防.
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