相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 29, 2025

06:07
Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
Published on: March 28, 2025
260
铁素是一种代谢性转化剂,可以控制调节性B细胞
Hannah F Bradford1, Thomas C R McDonnell2, Alexander Stewart3
1Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Pears Building, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK. hannah.bradford.12@ucl.ac.uk.
Nature immunology
|March 30, 2024
概括
调节性B (Breg) 细胞分化需要线粒体功能和特定的氧化还原平衡. 铁素 (TXN) 缺乏会损害布雷格细胞,这是系统性红斑狼 (SLE) 中观察到的缺陷.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 代谢研究研究 代谢研究
背景情况:
- 代谢编程会影响B细胞的命运.
- 对调控性B (Breg) 细胞分化和功能的生物能量需求仍然不清楚.
- 线粒体功能和活性氧物种 (ROS) 稳态对于细胞过程至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查对调控性B (Breg) 细胞分化和功能的生物能量要求.
- 探索硫素 (TXN) 在布雷格细胞生物学中的作用.
- 检查系统性红斑狼 (SLE) 患者B细胞中的代谢变化.
主要方法:
- 单细胞RNA测序用于分析B细胞中的基因表达.
- 对TXN的药理抑制和基因沉默.
- 评估线粒体膜潜力和ROS水平.
- 来自SLE患者的B细胞的分析.
主要成果:
- 布雷格细胞的分化取决于线粒体电子运输和恒常ROS水平.
- 在Breg细胞中TXN的表达很高,而其抑制剂TXNIP的下调.
- 抑制或沉默TXN会损害Breg细胞的分化和功能,增加ROS和线粒体去极化.
- 来自SLE患者的B细胞表现出线粒体脱极化,ROS升高和TXN表达减少.
- 外源性TXN恢复了SLE B细胞中的布雷格细胞功能和线粒体两极分化.
结论:
- 硫素 (TXN) 对于调控性B (Breg) 细胞的分化和功能至关重要.
- TXN不足有助于系统性红斑狼 (SLE) 中的布雷格细胞损伤.
- 准TXN可能为SLE的免疫失调提供治疗潜力.
相关概念视频
T Cell Types and Functions
1.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.0K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones
2.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.7K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
1.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.7K
Master Transcription Regulators
6.9K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.9K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
2.1K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
2.1K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
4.6K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.6K

