在整个生命周期中建模语言的神经认知动力学
Clément Guichet1, Sonja Banjac1, Sophie Achard2
1Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS LPNC UMR 5105, Grenoble, France.
Human brain mapping
|March 30, 2024
概括
健康的衰老涉及认知变化,特别是在语言生产 (LP). 脑网络的调整,如默认模式网络抑制,有助于减轻与年龄相关的衰退,中年是这些变化的关键时期.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知老龄化 认知老龄化
- 大脑连接学 (Connectomics)
背景情况:
- 健康衰老的特点是各种认知能力的下降,特别是在语言生产 (LP) 中.
- 了解衰老中认知变化背后的神经机制至关重要.
- 认知衰老轨迹的个体差异需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查语言生产 (LP) 中与年龄相关的变化背后的神经机制.
- 探索认知功能与整个生命周期的大脑网络动态之间的关系.
- 开发一个全面的认知衰老模型,整合连接和认知数据.
主要方法:
- 利用休息状态功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 和来自CamCAN队列的628名健康成年人 (18-88岁) 的神经心理数据.
- 应用图形理论分析来检查大脑网络属性及其与认知表现的关系.
- 分析了语义过程,域一般函数和默认模式网络 (DMN) 和前端-平行网络 (FPN) 活动之间的相互作用.
主要成果:
- 语言生产 (LP) 在整个生命过程中受到语义和域一般认知过程之间的协同作用的影响.
- 默认模式网络 (DMN) 抑制和前额对等网络 (FPN) 集成是与年龄相关的认知脱差的关键补偿机制.
- 中年期减少的DMN抑制可能会损害大脑管理FPN整合成本的能力,导致LP下降.
结论:
- 中年是关键的神经认知关节,标志着语言生产 (LP) 衰退的开始.
- 年长的成年人可能会采用成本效益高的策略,以牺牲LP为代价,保持全球大脑功能.
- 提出了一个新的协同,经济,非线性,新兴的认知衰老模型,整合了连接和认知维度.
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